ISSN 2456-0235

International Journal of Modern Science and Technology

INDEXED IN 

​​​​​Vol. 2, No. 12, 2017, pp. 397-403. 


Immobilization of Cellulase on Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles for Efficient Bioethanol Production by Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation

Elsa Cherian¹,*, M. Dharmedira Kumar², G. Baskar¹, R. Kalpana¹
¹Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering, Chennai - 600119. India.
²Department of Applied Science and Technology, A. C. Technology, Anna University, Chennai - 600025. India. 
​​*Corresponding author’s e-mail: elschk@gmail.com

Abstract

Cellulose is a major biopolymer found in plants which can be used for many industrial applications. Major portion of cellulose is getting wasted along with forest and agricultural waste. This can be efficiently used for the production of many industrially important products. Availability of limited fuel, which is a major threat in the present scenario, can be solved upto an extent by the production of biofuel. In the present study cellulase produced by of Aspergillus fumigatus JCF was used for the bioconversion of agricultural wastes to bioethanol. Produced cellulase was immobilized on cobalt oxide nanoparticles for increased catalytic efficiency and utility. Immobilized cellulase was found to retain 75% of the activity even after 4th cycle. Pretreated miscanthus leaves were used as substrate for bioethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using immobilized and free cellulose and baker’s yeast. Action of immobilized cellulaseand baker’s yeast released more bioethanol of about 21 g/l which was higher than free cellulase. Thus the immobilized cellulase was found more effective than free cellulase for hydrolysis of agricultural waste to produce of bioethanol.

Keywords: Aspergillus fumigatus JCF; Cellulase; Immobilization; Cobalt oxide nanoparticles; Bioethanol; Simultaneous Saccharification and fermentation.

References

  1. Jagtap S, Rao M. Purification and properties of a low molecular weight 1,4-beta-d-glucanglucohydrolase having one active site for carboxymethylcellulose and xylan from an alkalothermophilic Thermomonospora sp. Biochem  Biophys  Res  Commun. 2005;329(1):111-116.
  2. Gao J, Weng H, Zhu D, Yuan M, Guan F, Yu Xi. Production and characterization of cellulolytic enzymes from the thermoacidophilic fungal Aspergillus terreus M11 under solid state cultivation of corn stover. Bioresour Technol. 2008;99:7623-7629.
  3. Ahmed R, Meryam S. Immobilization of cellulase on TiO2 nanoparticles by physical and covalent methods: comparative study.  Indian J Biochem  Biophys. 2014;51:314-320.
  4. Gomathi D, Muthulakshmi C, Guru Kumar D, Ravikumar G, Kalaiselvi M, Uma C. Submerged fermentation of wheat bran by Aspergillus flavus for  production and characterization of carboxy methyl cellulase.  Asian Pac J Trop  Biomed. 2012;S67-S73.
  5. Jeya M, Zhang YW, Kim IW, Lee JK. Enhanced saccharification of alkali-treated rice straw by cellulase from Trameteshirsuta and statistical optimization of hydrolysis conditions by RSM. Bioresour Technol. 2009;100:5155-61.
  6. Omojasola P, Folakemi Jilani, Priscilla O, Ldiyemi SA. Cellulase production by some fungi cultured on pineapple waste.  Nat Sci. 2008;6:64-79.
  7. Sun H, Xiangyang G, Zhikui H, Ming P. Cellulase production by Trichoderma sp. on apple pomace under solid state fermentation. Afr J Biotechnol. 2010;9(2):163-166.
  8. Hongdong Liao, Ding Chen, Li Yuan, Man Zheng, Yonghua Zhu, Xuanming Liu. Immobilized cellulase by polyvinyl alcohol/Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticle to degrade microcrystalline cellulose. Carbohyd Polym. 2010;82:600-604.
  9. Wei W, Tongqi Y, Kun W, Baokai C,  Yucheng D. Statistical optimization of cellulase production by a brown rot fungi, Fomiptosis palustri’s, and its application in the enzymatic hydrolysis of LHW-pretreated woody biomass. Process Biochem. 2012;47:2552-2556.
  10. Mei X, Liu R, Shen F, Wum H, Optimization of fermentation conditions for the production of ethanol from stalk juice of sweet sorghum by immobilized yeast using response surface methodology.  Energy Fuels. 2009;23:487-491.
  11. Khattak WA, Ul-Islam M, Park JK, Prospects of reusable endogenous hydrolyzing enzymes in bioethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Korean J Chem Eng. 2012;29(11):1467-1482.
  12. Tanushree B, Sujatha K, Arumugam, Renu Pasricha, Prasad BLV, Murali S. Foam-based synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles and their subsequent conversion to core Ag shell nanoparticles by a simple transmetallation reaction.  J  Mater Chem. 2014;14:1057-1061.
  13. Kamyar K, Abdol-Khalegh B, Davood Z, Dariush D, Masumeh N, Mohammad B, Meisam T. Immobilization of cellulase enzyme on superparamagnetic nanoparticles and determination of its activity and stability.  Chem Eng J. 2011;171:669-673.
  14. Lineweaver H, Burk D. The determination of enzyme dissociation constant. J Am Chem Soc. 1934;56:666-685.
  15. Miller GL. Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Anal Chem. 1959;31:426-427.
  16. Balasubramanian K, Ambikapathy V, Panneerselvam A. Studies on ethanol production from spoiled fruits by batch fermentations.  J  Microbiol Biotechnol Res. 2011;1(4):158-163.
  17. Jason J, Challa SSR, Kumar CT. Preparation and characterization of cellulase-bound magnetite nanoparticles.  J Mol Catal Enzymatic. 2011;68:139-146.
  18. Reinu EA, Madan LV, Colin JB, Munish P. Suitability of magnetic nanoparticle immobilized cellulases in enhancing enzymatic saccharification of pretreated hemp biomass. Biotechnol Biofuels. 2014;7:90.